• Home
  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Sitemap
Tuesday, April 20, 2021
ফলাফল নেই
সমস্ত ফলাফল দেখুন
  • বাংলাবাংলা
YouTube Canvas
  • Internet Marketing
    • YouTube Marketing
    • Facebook Marketing
    • Digital Marketing Tips
    • Search Engine Optimization
    • Top Ways to Make Money Online
  • Pharmaceutical Marketing
    • Pharmaceutical Job Introduction
    • Pharmaceutical Product Knowledge
    • Pharmaceutical Motivation
    • Pharmaceutical Secret Success
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (BD)
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (World)
    • Modern Medical System
  • Secret Lifestyle
    • Food
    • Health
    • Travel
    • Mother’s Question: Expert Opinion
  • Recent News
    • Known and Unknown
  • Internet Marketing
    • YouTube Marketing
    • Facebook Marketing
    • Digital Marketing Tips
    • Search Engine Optimization
    • Top Ways to Make Money Online
  • Pharmaceutical Marketing
    • Pharmaceutical Job Introduction
    • Pharmaceutical Product Knowledge
    • Pharmaceutical Motivation
    • Pharmaceutical Secret Success
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (BD)
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (World)
    • Modern Medical System
  • Secret Lifestyle
    • Food
    • Health
    • Travel
    • Mother’s Question: Expert Opinion
  • Recent News
    • Known and Unknown
YouTube Canvas
ফলাফল নেই
সমস্ত ফলাফল দেখুন

Signs of Rabies in Human: Prevention (2020)

YouTube Canvas By YouTube Canvas
May 12, 2020
In Diseases Counselling, Pharmaceutical Product Knowledge
70 4
2
51
SHARES
463
VIEWS
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

Signs of Rabies in Human: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention-

Signs of Rabies in human beings show you are a heartwarming video seen in my life. Symptoms of disease in human video show you develop of Rabies of bite (in Day): 43 Days. Signs of Rabies in humans after a dog bite the first symptoms can appear from a few days to more than a year after the bite occurs. In this case of a patient suffering from a fever, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, nausea, and fatigue.

History of this Rabies Patient:

Date: 11th February 2016
Age (In Years): 62 Years
Sex: Male
Residence: Rural
Nature of injury: Bite
Type of Bite: With Bleeding
Site of Bite: Head
Number of Bites: Multiple
The severity of Bite: Sever
History of Vaccination: Absent
Anti-Serum: Not Used
History of the bite by Stray Animal
Name of Animal: Dog
Development of Rabies of bit (in Day): 43 Days
The fate of animal: Killed by public
Symptoms: Hydrophobia, Aerophobia

In the advanced stage of the infection, as it spreads to other parts of the nervous system, these symptoms may develop, problems moving facial muscles, abnormal movements of the diaphragm and muscles that control breathing, difficulty swallowing and increased production of saliva, causing the “foaming at the mouth” usually associated with rabies infection. As well as Hydrophobia, Aerophobia.


Prevention of Human Rabies:

In this post, you will talk about animal sting management and pre and post-exposure vaccination schedules. Let us first look at the history of Rabies. The name of his picture is Mr. Louis Pasteur.

 

Mr. Louis Pasteur
Picture: Mr. Louis Pasteur

1885:

Louis PASTEUR saved a young boy (Joseph Meister) bitten by a rabid dog by vaccinating him with an attenuated virus strain obtained by repeated passages from a rabbit spinal cord.

Rabies Virus: Mode of Transmission

Animal to Man:

  1. Bites of rabid animals.
  2. Scratches by rabid animals—rabies Virus Types.
  3. Licks on abraded skin or mucous membranes.

Aerosols:

  1. In caves harboring rabies-infected bats.
  2. In laboratories handling rabies-infected neural tissue.

Oral:

  1. She was drinking un-boiled raw milk of rabies-infected cow or goat.
  2. Eating the meat of rabid animals can theoretically lead to Rabies.

Man to Man:

  1. A corneal transplant from an infected person.
  2. Solid-organ transplant (liver, kidney) from an infected person.
  3. Bite from a rabid human; theoretical risk but no confirmed cases reported as yet.
Source: picture taken by pet healthcare.co.za website

Animal Exposure Management:

  1. Wound management
  2. Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
  3. Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG)
  4. Tetanus prophylaxis
  5. Antibiotics

WHO Wound Category:


Category: 01

Type of Contact: Touching or feeding of animals Licks on intact skin

Type of Exposure: None
Recommended post-exposure prophylaxis: Only wound wash

 


Category: 02

Type of Contact: Nibbling of uncovered skin Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding

Type of Exposure: Minor
Recommended post-exposure prophylaxis: Wound management and Antirabies vaccine

Category: 03

Type of Contact: Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches licks on broken skin and

Contamination of mucous membrane with saliva (i e. licks)

Type of Exposure: Severe

Recommended post-exposure prophylaxis: ↓

  1. Wound management
  2. Rabies immunoglobulin
  3. Antirabies vaccine

People with weak Immune Systems:

Especially people with any of these conditions:

  • People infected with HIV,
  • Substance abuse
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Silicosis
  • Cancer of the head or neck
  • Leukemia or Hodgkin’s disease
  • Severe kidney disease
  • Low body weight, Malnutrition
  • Specific medical treatments (such as corticosteroid
  • Treatment or organ transplants)
  • Specialized therapy for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease

PEP – Local wound treatment:

Local wound treatment
Local wound treatment
Aims to remove as much of the virus as possible from the site of injection:
  • Physically removing virus particles
  • Further inactivation of the remaining virions by chemical disruption
  • Delay as much as possible the suturing of the wound.

IMMEDIATELY:

Vigorous washing and flushing of a wound(s) with water and soap or detergent for about 15 minutes.

THEN:

Application of virucidal treatment such as alcohol (70%). Tincture of iodine solution.

Wound Management:

  • Avoid direct touching of wounds with bare hands.
  • Gentle, thorough washing with soap or detergent and flushing the wound with running water for 10-15 minutes, for five times.
  • If soap and detergent are not immediately available, wash with running water for at least 10 minutes.
  • Later anti-septic will be used.

STRUCTURE OF RABIES VIRUS:

STRUCTURE OF RABIES VIRUS
Photo: STRUCTURE OF RABIES VIRUS
  • Single-Stranded RNA Virus
  • Bullet Shaped.
  • Size 75 nm x 180 nm.
  • Enveloped Virus – Lipoprotein
  • Numerous spikes present on the envelope made up of glycoprotein.
  • Glycoprotein necessary for viral attachment & induces protective antibodies.
  • Nucleoprotein is also essential and known to offer protection.

Wound Management: Surgical Care

  • Suturing of the wound should be avoided as far as possible. If surgically unavoidable, minimum loose sutures should be applied after adequate local treatment along with proper infiltration of rabies immunoglobulins (RIG).
  • Cauterisation of the wound is no longer recommended as it leaves a horrible scar and does not confer any additional advantage over washing the wound with water and soap.

Prevention of human Rabies: The 5 essential things-

Prevention of human Rabies- The 5 important things
Prevention of human Rabies- The 5 essential things

PEP-Post Exposure Prophylaxis for non-immunized subjects:

PEP-Post Exposure Prophylaxis for non-immunized subjects
Image: PEP-Post Exposure Prophylaxis for non-immunized subjects

WHO approved ID regimens for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis:

WHO approved ID regimens for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Image: WHO-approved ID regimens for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
ID regimens
Image: ID regimens

Intradermal route and rabies vaccine potency requirements:

The antigenic potency of all the WHO-approved vaccines has proven similar and is well above the minimum value of 2.5 IU/ampoule.

WHO minimum potency requirement for human rabies vaccines for intradermal use should not be increased beyond 2.5 IU (per single intramuscular dose) by national authorities unless the need for a change is substantiated by clinical or field studies.

IDRV-1
Image: IDRV-1 Dose
IDRV-2
Image: IDRV-2 Dose
IDRV-3 dose
Image: IDRV-3 Dose

PEP vaccination schedule for pre-immunized subjects:

Pre-immunized subjects:
  • Those who have previously undergone complete pre-exposure VaccinationVaccination or post-exposure prophylaxis with cell-derived rabies vaccines.
  • Those who have been vaccinated against Rabies and demonstrated neutralizing antibody titers of at least 0.5 I0/mL.
Vaccination schedule:
The patient needs only two booster doses, without RIG administration.
Image: 2 booster doses, without RIG administration
Source: WHO Expert consultation on Rates Frg report Technical Report Series 931, 2006.1-121

PEP vaccination schedule for pre-immunized subjects:

Picture: Signs of Rabies
A full post-exposure regimen is indicated (including the use of Rabies immune globulin in category III exposure) if-
  • Vaccination was not documented or incomplete.
  • The person was vaccinated with vaccines of unproven potency.
  • The person was vaccinated with a nerve tissue rabies vaccine, and the neutralizing antibody titers were less than 0.5 IU/mL.
  • It is an immunocompromised person.

Source: WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies, First report, Technica Repen Seres 93 D00s 1121 38. Sanofi Pasteur Company Core Data Sheet Rabies (VERO) Vaccine, February 2007 Data on file


TCV Schedules (ID):

ID route*(each dose is 0.1ml)
PEP for non-immunized subjects-
Latest TRC-ID Schedule (2-2-2-0-2)
Latest TRC-ID Schedule
Image: Latest TRC-ID Schedule
PEP for previously immunized subjects:
(full preventive VaccinationVaccination confirmed)
PEP for previously immunized subjects
Image: PEP for previously immunized subjects
Pre-exposure Vaccination Primary course:

”

+ booster injection 1 year late
Image: + booster injection 1 year later
Note:
“ID route is recommended or licensed in a limited number of countries.”
  • For pre-exposure prophylaxis, 1st booster injection one year later, and subsequent booster injections recommended. Regular serology testing of neutralizing antibodies to assess seroconversion of subjects at increase risk of exposure to rabies virus, with a frequency, adapted to that risk.
Source: WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies, First report Technical Report Senes 931, 2005,1-121.38. Sanofi Pasteur Company Core Data Sheet Rabies (VERO). Vaccine, February 2007. Data on file

RIG: Type and Dose-

Equine rabies immunoglobulins (ERIG):

40 IU per kg body weight up to a maximum of 3000 IU.

Human rabies immunoglobulins (HRIG):

20 IU per kg body weight up to a maximum of 1500 IU.


RIG (Rabies Immune Globulin): Mode of Action

  • According to WHO- RIG is a must in severe Rabies.
To neutralize rabies virus:
Illustration of virus inoculum at the site of the bite- Below Image
Illustration of virus inoculum at the site of the bite
Image: Illustration of virus inoculum at the site of the bite
RIG should be infiltrated into all the bite wounds to neutralize the virus before it has time to enter the nerve endings. Below Image-
Illustration of virus inoculum at the site of bite
Image: The Bite wounds to neutralize the virus before

Category III Definition:

• A single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches.
• Contamination of mucous membrane with saliva.

Exposure: WHO Category III

  • To provide early protection for patients
  • Schematic diagram explaining antibodies kinetic after antirabies VaccinationVaccination.
provide early protection for patients
Image: Provide early protection for patients

Deaths have been reports due to “Management errors.”

These are usually the result of:

  1. Delay in treatment
  2. Lack o RIG administration
  3. Failure to inject RIG into all the bite wounds.

RIG INFILTRATION:

Positive test reaction:

  • Induration >10mm with or without constitutional symptoms.
  • If the skin test is positive – HRIG is preferred (affordability, availability)
  • If ERIG has to be administered, then pre-treat with Adrenaline / Epinephrine and with Antihistamine before administering the full dose.
Positive Test Reaction
Image: Positive Test Reaction
Note: A negative test is not a guarantee that Anaphylaxis will not occur.
RIG INFILTRATION
Image 01: RIG INFILTRATION
RIG INFILTRATION
Image 02: RIG INFILTRATION

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis:

Advantage of pre-exposure rabies vaccination:

01. To protect:

  • Persons with unrecognized exposure or those for whom post-exposure therapy might be delayed

02. To simplify:

  • Eventual post-exposure treatment by decreasing the number of doses of vaccine required.
03. To eliminate:
  • The need for rabies immune globulin (RIG)

Target Population:

 SUBJECTS AT PERMANENT RISK MUST BE VACCINATED:
  •  Diagnostic, research and production, laboratory staff
 SUBJECTS AT FREQUENT RISK SHOULD BE VACCINATED:
  •  Nurses, medical staff, animal handlers, and veterinarians

Pre-Exposure Vaccination Schedule:

 First course: according to WHO recommendations:
Pre-Exposure Vaccination Schedule
Image: Pre-Exposure Vaccination Schedule
  • IM injections in the deltoid muscle
  • Or in the anterolateral part of the thigh, if necessary (children)
  • Or 0,1mL ID for WHO recognized rabies vaccines
 D28 injection may also be given at D21
Source: WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies, First report Technical Report Senes 931, 2005,1-121

And ……….

Tetanus prophylaxis:
Tetanus Toxoid, IM
  • Injection tetanus toxoid should be given to the un-immunized individual.
  • TIG (Tetanus Immune-Globulin), IM
Antibiotics: (Local & Systemic)
  • To prevent infection or sepsis in the wound, a suitable course of an antibiotic may be recommended.

Analyzing Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure:

  • Absence of wound care (including first aid treatment)
  • No use of RIG along with the vaccine
  • Wound not infiltrated with RIG (Immediate suturing of the wound)
  • Inadequate infiltration of RIG around and into wounds
  • Delay in starting the treatment
  • Immunocompromised patients
  • Non-compliance with the Schedule
The problem is not the failure of cell culture vaccines or immunoglobulins but a strict application of WHO management recommendations.
Source: Wilde H. Choomkaslent P. Hemachudha T. Supich C. Chutivongse V. Failure of post-exposure treatment in Thailand. Vaccine. 108

Last word:

  • Administration of Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis is a medical urgency,
Not a medical emergency,

But,

Rabies immunoglobulin, missed in Type-III bite, is Medical negligence.

Therefore, decisions must not be delayed.

Note:
THIS POST CAN NOT BE RE-WRITTEN OR USED IN ANY WAY WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM www.youtubecanvas.com PRODS – www.youtubecanvas.com © All Rights Reserved-

 

Tags: and PreventionAzamCan a small bite cause rabies?Can I take rabies vaccine after 10 days?Can I take rabies vaccine after 3 days?can rabies be transmitted through kissingCan u get rabies from dog scratch?Can you get rabies from a scratch?CausesHow do I know if I have rabies from a dog bite?How long do you have to get a rabies shot after being bitten?how long does it take to show signs of rabies in humans?How long does rabies take to kill you?How Rabies is caused?rabies preventionrabies symptoms in catsrabies symptoms in dogsrabies symptoms in humans incubation periodrabies symptoms in humans timelinerabies treatmentsSigns of Rabies in Human: SymptomsTreatmentWhat are the chances I have rabies?What are the chances of getting rabies from a dog bite?What are the first symptoms of rabies in humans?What are the stages of rabies?What happens if a person gets rabies?YouTube Canvas
Share20Tweet13
Previous Post

Women and Heart Diseases | How to Prevent?

Next Post

Protected People from Rabies: 100% Fatal, but, 100% Preventable

Next Post
Symptoms of Rabies in Humans

Protected People from Rabies: 100% Fatal, but, 100% Preventable

Vitamin-D deficiency

Vitamin-D deficiency: 8 Causes & Essential Info

Pneumonia

Pneumonia: Strong efforts prevent death from pneumonia

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis: 3 Reason, Signs and Essential Tips

Comments 2

  1. Pingback: What is rabies: Symptoms of Rabies in Humans | YouTube Canvas
  2. sql interview questions says:
    9 months Ago

    I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was wondering what all is needed to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100% sure.

    Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

    Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

YouTube Canvas

Ways to Increase Your Value in the online Market. You’re successful and ambitious, but you won’t feel satisfied until you reach the very top. The climb can be hard at times, but there are a few things you can do to make it easier.

Browse by Category

  • INTERNET MARKETING (29)
    • Digital Marketing Tips (8)
    • Facebook Marketing (1)
    • Top Ways to Make Money Online (5)
    • YouTube Marketing (15)
  • Modern Medical System (52)
    • Child Diseases (3)
    • Common Eye Diseases (2)
    • Diseases Counselling (11)
    • Fever and Contagious Diseases (11)
    • Food Circulatory Diseases (4)
    • Gynecological Diseases (4)
    • Nervous and Mental Diseases (2)
    • Nose, Ears, and Throat (2)
    • Shortness Breath and Respiratory Diseases (4)
    • Urinary and Reproductive Diseases (6)
  • Pharmaceutical Marketing (24)
    • Pharmaceutical Job Introduction (7)
      • Excretory System (1)
    • Pharmaceutical Motivation (2)
    • Pharmaceutical Product Knowledge (6)
    • Pharmaceutical Secret Success (6)
  • Recent News (11)
    • Known and Unknown (8)
  • Secret Lifestyle (26)
    • Food (1)
    • Health (21)
    • Mother's Question: Expert Opinion (2)
    • Travel (4)
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Sitemap

© 2020 YouTube Canvas - All rights reserved by YouTube Canvas.

ফলাফল নেই
সমস্ত ফলাফল দেখুন
  • Internet Marketing
    • YouTube Marketing
    • Facebook Marketing
    • Digital Marketing Tips
    • Search Engine Optimization
    • Top Ways to Make Money Online
  • Pharmaceutical Marketing
    • Pharmaceutical Job Introduction
    • Pharmaceutical Product Knowledge
    • Pharmaceutical Motivation
    • Pharmaceutical Secret Success
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (BD)
    • Top Pharmaceutical Companies List (World)
    • Modern Medical System
  • Secret Lifestyle
    • Food
    • Health
    • Travel
    • Mother’s Question: Expert Opinion
  • Recent News
    • Known and Unknown
  • বাংলাবাংলা

© 2020 YouTube Canvas - All rights reserved by YouTube Canvas.

নীচে আপনার অ্যাকাউন্টে লগইন করুন

ভুলে গেছেন পাসওয়ার্ড?

নিবন্ধন করতে ফর্মগুলি পূরণ করুন

সমস্ত ক্ষেত্র প্রয়োজন. প্রবেশ করুন

আপনার পাসওয়ার্ড পুনরুদ্ধার করুন

আপনার পাসওয়ার্ডটি পুনরায় সেট করতে দয়া করে আপনার ব্যবহারকারীর নাম বা ইমেল ঠিকানা প্রবেশ করুন।

প্রবেশ করুন